Which foramina is associated with the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, known as V2, passes through the foramen rotundum. This foramen is located in the sphenoid bone and serves as the exit point for the maxillary nerve from the skull. Once it exits through the foramen rotundum, the maxillary nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa, where it continues to branch out to supply sensory innervation to the mid-facial region, including areas like the maxilla, nasal cavity, palate, and parts of the maxillary teeth.

In contrast, the foramen ovale is specifically associated with the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3), while the foramen spinosum is primarily an exit point for the middle meningeal artery and does not relate to the trigeminal nerve. The mandibular foramen, on the other hand, is the passageway for the inferior alveolar nerve, which is a branch of V3, further emphasizing that it does not pertain to the maxillary division. Understanding these anatomical relationships is essential for effective local anesthesia practices and for accurate identification of nerve pathways in dental procedures.